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Popular Trigonometry >

2cos^2(x)+cos(x)>0

Solution

2 cos^{2} (x) + cos (x) > 0

Solution

- \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn or \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn < x < \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Interval Notation

(- \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn) \cup (\frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn)

Decimal

- 1.57079 \dots + 2 πn < x < 1.57079 \dots + 2 πn or 2.09439 \dots + 2 πn < x < 4.18879 \dots + 2 πn

Solution steps

2 cos^{2} (x) + cos (x) > 0

Let:

u = cos (x)

2 u^{2} + u > 0

2 u^{2} + u > 0 : u < - \frac{1}{2} or u > 0

2 u^{2} + u > 0

Factor

2 u^{2} + u : u (2 u + 1)

2 u^{2} + u

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b + c} = a^{b} a^{c}

u^{2} = uu

= 2 uu + u

Factor out common term

u

= u (2 u + 1)

u (2 u + 1) > 0

Identify the intervals

Find the signs of the factors of

u (2 u + 1)

Find the signs of

u

u = 0

u < 0

u > 0

Find the signs of

2 u + 1

2 u + 1 = 0 : u = - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 = 0

Move

1

to the right side

2 u + 1 = 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

2 u + 1 - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplify

2 u = - 1

2 u = - 1

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = - 1

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplify

u = - \frac{1}{2}

u = - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 < 0 : u < - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 < 0

Move

1

to the right side

2 u + 1 < 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

2 u + 1 - 1 < 0 - 1

Simplify

2 u < - 1

2 u < - 1

Divide both sides by

2

2 u < - 1

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} < \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplify

u < - \frac{1}{2}

u < - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 > 0 : u > - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 > 0

Move

1

to the right side

2 u + 1 > 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

2 u + 1 - 1 > 0 - 1

Simplify

2 u > - 1

2 u > - 1

Divide both sides by

2

2 u > - 1

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} > \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplify

u > - \frac{1}{2}

u > - \frac{1}{2}

Summarize in a table:

u 2 u + 1 u (2 u + 1) u < - \frac{1}{2} - - + u = - \frac{1}{2} - 00 - \frac{1}{2} < u < 0 - + - u = 0 0 + 0 u > 0 + + +

Identify the intervals that satisfy the required condition:

> 0

u < - \frac{1}{2} or u > 0

u < - \frac{1}{2} or u > 0

u < - \frac{1}{2} or u > 0

Substitute back

u = cos (x)

cos (x) < - \frac{1}{2} or cos (x) > 0

cos (x) < - \frac{1}{2} : \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn < x < \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

cos (x) < - \frac{1}{2}

For

cos (x) < a

, if

- 1 < a \leq 1

then

arccos (a) + 2 πn < x < 2 π - arccos (a) + 2 πn

arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn < x < 2 π - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

Simplify

arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) : \frac{2 π}{3}

arccos (- \frac{1}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) = \frac{2 π}{3}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= \frac{2 π}{3}

Simplify

2 π - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) : \frac{4 π}{3}

2 π - arccos (- \frac{1}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) = \frac{2 π}{3}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= 2 π - \frac{2 π}{3}

Simplify

2 π - \frac{2 π}{3}

Convert element to fraction:

2 π = \frac{2 π 3}{3}

= \frac{2 π 3}{3} - \frac{2 π}{3}

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{2 π 3 - 2 π}{3}

2 π 3 - 2 π = 4 π

2 π 3 - 2 π

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 3 = 6

= 6 π - 2 π

Add similar elements:

6 π - 2 π = 4 π

= 4 π

= \frac{4 π}{3}

= \frac{4 π}{3}

\frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn < x < \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

cos (x) > 0 : - \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

cos (x) > 0

For

cos (x) > a

, if

- 1 \leq a < 1

then

- arccos (a) + 2 πn < x < arccos (a) + 2 πn

- arccos (0) + 2 πn < x < arccos (0) + 2 πn

Simplify

- arccos (0) : - \frac{π}{2}

- arccos (0)

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (0) = \frac{π}{2}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= - \frac{π}{2}

Simplify

arccos (0) : \frac{π}{2}

arccos (0)

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (0) = \frac{π}{2}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= \frac{π}{2}

- \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Combine the intervals

\frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn < x < \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn or - \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Merge Overlapping Intervals

- \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn or \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn < x < \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

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