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Popular Trigonometry >

(1-4sin^2(x))/(cos(x))>0

Solution

\frac{1 - 4 sin ^{2} ( x )}{cos ( x )} > 0

Solution

- \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Interval Notation

(- \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn) \cup (\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn) \cup (\frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn, \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn)

Decimal

- 0.52359 \dots + 2 πn < x < 0.52359 \dots + 2 πn or 1.57079 \dots + 2 πn < x < 2.61799 \dots + 2 πn or 3.66519 \dots + 2 πn < x < 4.71238 \dots + 2 πn

Solution steps

\frac{1 - 4 sin ^{2} ( x )}{cos ( x )} > 0

Use the following identity:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

Therefore

sin^{2} (x) = 1 - cos^{2} (x)

\frac{1 - 4 ( 1 - cos ^{2} ( x ) )}{cos ( x )} > 0

Simplify

\frac{1 - 4 ( 1 - cos ^{2} ( x ) )}{cos ( x )} : \frac{4 cos ^{2} ( x ) - 3}{cos ( x )}

\frac{1 - 4 ( 1 - cos ^{2} ( x ) )}{cos ( x )}

Expand

1 - 4 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) : 4 cos^{2} (x) - 3

1 - 4 (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Expand

- 4 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) : - 4 + 4 cos^{2} (x)

- 4 (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 4, b = 1, c = cos^{2} (x)

= - 4 \cdot 1 - (- 4) cos^{2} (x)

Apply minus-plus rules

- (- a) = a

= - 4 \cdot 1 + 4 cos^{2} (x)

Multiply the numbers:

4 \cdot 1 = 4

= - 4 + 4 cos^{2} (x)

= 1 - 4 + 4 cos^{2} (x)

Subtract the numbers:

1 - 4 = - 3

= 4 cos^{2} (x) - 3

= \frac{4 cos ^{2} ( x ) - 3}{cos ( x )}

\frac{4 cos ^{2} ( x ) - 3}{cos ( x )} > 0

Let:

u = cos (x)

\frac{4 u ^{2} - 3}{u} > 0

\frac{4 u ^{2} - 3}{u} > 0 : - \frac{3}{2} < u < 0 or u > \frac{3}{2}

\frac{4 u ^{2} - 3}{u} > 0

Factor

\frac{4 u ^{2} - 3}{u} : \frac{( 2 u + 3 ) ( 2 u - 3 )}{u}

\frac{4 u ^{2} - 3}{u}

Factor

4 u^{2} - 3 : (2 u + 3) (2 u - 3)

4 u^{2} - 3

Rewrite

4 u^{2} - 3

(2 u)^{2} - (3)^{2}

4 u^{2} - 3

Rewrite

4

2^{2}

= 2^{2} u^{2} - 3

Apply radical rule:

a = (a)^{2}

3 = (3)^{2}

= 2^{2} u^{2} - (3)^{2}

Apply exponent rule:

a^{m} b^{m} = (ab)^{m}

2^{2} u^{2} = (2 u)^{2}

= (2 u)^{2} - (3)^{2}

= (2 u)^{2} - (3)^{2}

Apply Difference of Two Squares Formula:

x^{2} - y^{2} = (x + y) (x - y)

(2 u)^{2} - (3)^{2} = (2 u + 3) (2 u - 3)

= (2 u + 3) (2 u - 3)

= \frac{( 2 u + 3 ) ( 2 u - 3 )}{u}

\frac{( 2 u + 3 ) ( 2 u - 3 )}{u} > 0

Identify the intervals

Find the signs of the factors of

\frac{( 2 u + 3 ) ( 2 u - 3 )}{u}

Find the signs of

2 u + 3

2 u + 3 = 0 : u = - \frac{3}{2}

2 u + 3 = 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u + 3 = 0

Subtract

3

from both sides

2 u + 3 - 3 = 0 - 3

Simplify

2 u = - 3

2 u = - 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = - 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{- 3}{2}

Simplify

u = - \frac{3}{2}

u = - \frac{3}{2}

2 u + 3 < 0 : u < - \frac{3}{2}

2 u + 3 < 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u + 3 < 0

Subtract

3

from both sides

2 u + 3 - 3 < 0 - 3

Simplify

2 u < - 3

2 u < - 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u < - 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} < \frac{- 3}{2}

Simplify

u < - \frac{3}{2}

u < - \frac{3}{2}

2 u + 3 > 0 : u > - \frac{3}{2}

2 u + 3 > 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u + 3 > 0

Subtract

3

from both sides

2 u + 3 - 3 > 0 - 3

Simplify

2 u > - 3

2 u > - 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u > - 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} > \frac{- 3}{2}

Simplify

u > - \frac{3}{2}

u > - \frac{3}{2}

Find the signs of

2 u - 3

2 u - 3 = 0 : u = \frac{3}{2}

2 u - 3 = 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u - 3 = 0

Add

3

to both sides

2 u - 3 + 3 = 0 + 3

Simplify

2 u = 3

2 u = 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{3}{2}

Simplify

u = \frac{3}{2}

u = \frac{3}{2}

2 u - 3 < 0 : u < \frac{3}{2}

2 u - 3 < 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u - 3 < 0

Add

3

to both sides

2 u - 3 + 3 < 0 + 3

Simplify

2 u < 3

2 u < 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u < 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} < \frac{3}{2}

Simplify

u < \frac{3}{2}

u < \frac{3}{2}

2 u - 3 > 0 : u > \frac{3}{2}

2 u - 3 > 0

Move

3

to the right side

2 u - 3 > 0

Add

3

to both sides

2 u - 3 + 3 > 0 + 3

Simplify

2 u > 3

2 u > 3

Divide both sides by

2

2 u > 3

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} > \frac{3}{2}

Simplify

u > \frac{3}{2}

u > \frac{3}{2}

Find the signs of

u

u = 0

u < 0

u > 0

Find singularity points

Find the zeros of the denominator

u : u = 0

Summarize in a table:

2 u + 3 2 u - 3 u \frac{( 2 u + 3 ) ( 2 u - 3 )}{u} u < - \frac{3}{2} - - - - u = - \frac{3}{2} 0 - - 0 - \frac{3}{2} < u < 0 + - - + u = 0 + - 0 Undefined 0 < u < \frac{3}{2} + - + - u = \frac{3}{2} + 0 + 0 u > \frac{3}{2} + + + +

Identify the intervals that satisfy the required condition:

> 0

- \frac{3}{2} < u < 0 or u > \frac{3}{2}

- \frac{3}{2} < u < 0 or u > \frac{3}{2}

- \frac{3}{2} < u < 0 or u > \frac{3}{2}

Substitute back

u = cos (x)

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x) < 0 or cos (x) > \frac{3}{2}

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x) < 0 : \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x) < 0

a < u < b

then

a < u and u < b

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x) and cos (x) < 0

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x) : - \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn

- \frac{3}{2} < cos (x)

Switch sides

cos (x) > - \frac{3}{2}

For

cos (x) > a

, if

- 1 \leq a < 1

then

- arccos (a) + 2 πn < x < arccos (a) + 2 πn

- arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) + 2 πn < x < arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) + 2 πn

Simplify

- arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) : - \frac{5 π}{6}

- arccos (- \frac{3}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) = \frac{5 π}{6}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= - \frac{5 π}{6}

Simplify

arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) : \frac{5 π}{6}

arccos (- \frac{3}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (- \frac{3}{2}) = \frac{5 π}{6}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= \frac{5 π}{6}

- \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn

cos (x) < 0 : \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

cos (x) < 0

For

cos (x) < a

, if

- 1 < a \leq 1

then

arccos (a) + 2 πn < x < 2 π - arccos (a) + 2 πn

arccos (0) + 2 πn < x < 2 π - arccos (0) + 2 πn

Simplify

arccos (0) : \frac{π}{2}

arccos (0)

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (0) = \frac{π}{2}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= \frac{π}{2}

Simplify

2 π - arccos (0) : \frac{3 π}{2}

2 π - arccos (0)

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (0) = \frac{π}{2}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= 2 π - \frac{π}{2}

Simplify

2 π - \frac{π}{2}

Convert element to fraction:

2 π = \frac{2 π 2}{2}

= \frac{2 π 2}{2} - \frac{π}{2}

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{2 π 2 - π}{2}

2 π 2 - π = 3 π

2 π 2 - π

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= 4 π - π

Add similar elements:

4 π - π = 3 π

= 3 π

= \frac{3 π}{2}

= \frac{3 π}{2}

\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Combine the intervals

- \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn and \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Merge Overlapping Intervals

\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

cos (x) > \frac{3}{2} : - \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn

cos (x) > \frac{3}{2}

For

cos (x) > a

, if

- 1 \leq a < 1

then

- arccos (a) + 2 πn < x < arccos (a) + 2 πn

- arccos (\frac{3}{2}) + 2 πn < x < arccos (\frac{3}{2}) + 2 πn

Simplify

- arccos (\frac{3}{2}) : - \frac{π}{6}

- arccos (\frac{3}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (\frac{3}{2}) = \frac{π}{6}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= - \frac{π}{6}

Simplify

arccos (\frac{3}{2}) : \frac{π}{6}

arccos (\frac{3}{2})

Use the following trivial identity:

arccos (\frac{3}{2}) = \frac{π}{6}

x - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 arccos (x) π \frac{5 π}{6} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{6} 0 arccos (x) 18 0^{\circ} 15 0^{\circ} 13 5^{\circ} 12 0^{\circ} 9 0^{\circ} 6 0^{\circ} 4 5^{\circ} 3 0^{\circ} 0^{\circ}

= \frac{π}{6}

- \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn

Combine the intervals

(\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn) or - \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn

Merge Overlapping Intervals

- \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn or \frac{7 π}{6} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

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